Secure Inter-Domain Routing (sidr) Seo, K. Internet Draft Watro, R. Expires: July 2010 Kong, D. Intended Status: Best Current Practice Kent, S. BBN Technologies January 6, 2010 Certificate Policy (CP) for the Resource PKI (RPKI) draft-ietf-sidr-cp-08.txt Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html This Internet-Draft will expire on July 30, 2010. Abstract This document describes the certificate policy for a PKI used to support attestations about Internet resource holdings. Each organization that distributes IP addresses or Autonomous System (AS) numbers to an organization will, in parallel, issue a certificate reflecting this distribution. These certificates will enable verification that the holder of the associated private key has been allocated the resources indicated in the certificate, and is the current, unique holder of these resources. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 Table of Contents 1. Introduction...................................................7 1.1. Conventions used in this document.........................8 1.2. Overview..................................................8 1.3. Document name and identification..........................8 1.4. PKI participants..........................................9 1.4.1. Certification authorities............................9 1.4.2. Registration authorities.............................9 1.4.3. Subscribers..........................................9 1.4.4. Relying parties......................................9 1.4.5. Other participants..................................10 1.5. Certificate usage........................................10 1.5.1. Appropriate certificate uses........................10 1.5.2. Prohibited certificate uses.........................10 1.6. Policy administration....................................10 1.6.1. Organization administering the document.............10 1.6.2. Contact person......................................10 1.6.3. Person determining CP suitability for the policy....11 1.6.4. CP approval procedures..............................11 1.7. Definitions and acronyms.................................11 2. Publication And Repository Responsibilities...................13 2.1. Repositories.............................................13 2.2. Publication of certification information.................13 2.3. Time or frequency of publication.........................13 2.4. Access controls on repositories..........................13 3. Identification and Authentication.............................14 3.1. Naming...................................................14 3.1.1. Types of names......................................14 3.1.2. Need for names to be meaningful.....................14 3.1.3. Anonymity or pseudonymity of subscribers............14 3.1.4. Rules for interpreting various name forms...........14 3.1.5. Uniqueness of names.................................14 3.1.6. Recognition, authentication, and role of trademarks.........................................15 3.2. Initial identity validation..............................15 3.2.1. Method to prove possession of private key...........15 3.2.2. Authentication of organization identity.............15 3.2.3. Authentication of individual identity...............15 3.2.4. Non-verified subscriber information.................15 3.2.5. Validation of authority.............................16 Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 3.2.6. Criteria for interoperation.........................16 3.3. Identification and authentication for re-key requests....16 3.3.1. Identification and authentication for routine re-key.............................................16 3.3.2. Identification and authentication for re-key after revocation...................................16 3.4. Identification and authentication for revocation request.................................................17 4. Certificate Life-Cycle Operational Requirements...............18 4.1. Certificate Application..................................18 4.1.1. Who can submit a certificate application............18 4.1.2. Enrollment process and responsibilities.............18 4.2. Certificate application processing.......................18 4.2.1. Performing identification and authentication functions..........................................18 4.2.2. Approval or rejection of certificate applications.......................................18 4.2.3. Time to process certificate applications............19 4.3. Certificate issuance.....................................19 4.3.1. CA actions during certificate issuance..............19 4.3.2. Notification to subscriber by the CA of issuance of certificate.....................................19 4.3.3. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities..................................19 4.4. Certificate acceptance...................................19 4.4.1. Conduct constituting certificate acceptance.........19 4.4.2. Publication of the certificate by the CA............19 4.5. Key pair and certificate usage...........................20 4.5.1. Subscriber private key and certificate usage........20 4.5.2. Relying party public key and certificate usage......20 4.6. Certificate renewal......................................20 4.6.1. Circumstance for certificate renewal................20 4.6.2. Who may request renewal.............................21 4.6.3. Processing certificate renewal requests.............21 4.6.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber.........................................21 4.6.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of a renewal certificate........................................21 4.6.6. Publication of the renewal certificate by the CA....21 4.6.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities..................................21 4.7. Certificate re-key.......................................22 4.7.1. Circumstance for certificate re-key.................22 Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 4.7.2. Who may request certification of a new public key................................................22 4.7.3. Processing certificate re-keying requests...........22 4.7.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber.........................................22 4.7.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of a re-keyed certificate........................................22 4.7.6. Publication of the re-keyed certificate by the CA.................................................23 4.7.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities..................................23 4.8. Certificate modification.................................23 4.8.1. Circumstance for certificate modification...........23 4.8.2. Who may request certificate modification............23 4.8.3. Processing certificate modification requests........23 4.8.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber.........................................23 4.8.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of modified certificate........................................24 4.8.6. Publication of the modified certificate by the CA.................................................24 4.8.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities..................................24 4.9. Certificate revocation and suspension....................24 4.9.1. Circumstances for revocation........................24 4.9.2. Who can request revocation..........................24 4.9.3. Procedure for revocation request....................24 4.9.4. Revocation request grace period.....................25 4.9.5. Time within which CA must process the revocation request............................................25 4.9.6. Revocation checking requirement for relying parties............................................25 4.9.7. CRL issuance frequency..............................25 4.9.8. Maximum latency for CRLs............................25 4.10. Certificate status services.............................25 5. Facility, Management, And Operational Controls................26 5.1. Physical controls........................................26 5.2. Procedural controls......................................26 5.3. Personnel controls.......................................26 5.4. Audit logging procedures.................................26 5.4.1. Types of events recorded............................26 5.4.2. Frequency of processing log.........................27 5.4.3. Retention period for audit log......................27 5.4.4. Protection of audit log.............................27 5.4.5. Audit log backup procedures.........................27 Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 5.4.8. Vulnerability assessments...........................27 5.6. Key changeover...........................................27 5.8. CA or RA termination.....................................27 6. Technical Security Controls...................................28 6.1. Key pair generation and installation.....................28 6.1.1. Key pair generation.................................28 6.1.2. Private key delivery to subscriber..................28 6.1.3. Public key delivery to certificate issuer...........28 6.1.4. CA public key delivery to relying parties...........28 6.1.5. Key sizes...........................................29 6.1.6. Public key parameters generation and quality checking...........................................29 6.1.7. Key usage purposes (as per X.509 v3 key usage field).............................................29 6.2. Private Key Protection and Cryptographic Module Engineering Controls....................................29 6.2.1. Cryptographic module standards and controls.........29 6.2.2. Private key (n out of m) multi-person control.......29 6.2.3. Private key escrow..................................29 6.2.4. Private key backup..................................30 6.3. Other aspects of key pair management.....................30 6.3.1. Public key archival.................................30 6.3.2. Certificate operational periods and key pair usage periods......................................30 6.5. Computer security controls...............................30 6.6. Life cycle technical controls............................30 6.6.1. System development controls.........................30 6.6.2. Security management controls........................30 6.6.3. Life cycle security controls........................31 6.7. Network security controls................................31 6.8. Time-stamping............................................31 The PKI in question does not make use of time stamping........31 7. Certificate and CRL Profiles..................................32 8. Compliance Audit And Other Assessments........................33 9. Other Business And Legal Matters..............................34 9.12. Amendments..............................................34 9.12.1. Procedure for amendment............................34 9.12.2. Notification mechanism and period..................34 9.12.3. Circumstances under which OID must be changed......34 10. Security Considerations......................................35 Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 11. IANA Considerations..........................................35 12. Acknowledgments..............................................35 13. References...................................................35 13.1. Normative References....................................35 13.2. Informative References..................................36 Authors' Addresses:..............................................37 Pre-5378 Material Disclaimer.....................................38 Copyright Statement..............................................38 Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 1. Introduction This document describes the certificate policy for a PKI used to attest to Internet resource holdings. An organization that distributes IP addresses or Autonomous System (AS) numbers to an organization will, in parallel, issue a certificate reflecting this distribution. These certificates will enable verification that the holder of the associated private key has been allocated the resources indicated in the certificate, and is the current, unique holder of these resources. The most important and distinguishing aspect of the PKI for which this policy was created is that it does not purport to identify an address space holder or AS number holder via the subject name contained in the certificate issued to that entity. Rather, each certificate issued under this policy is intended to enable an entity to assert, in a verifiable fashion, that it is the current holder of an address block or an AS number, based on the current records of the entity responsible for the resources in question. Verification of the assertion is based on two criteria: the ability of the entity to digitally sign data that is verifiable using the public key contained in the corresponding certificate, and validation of that certificate in the context of this PKI. This PKI is designed exclusively for use in support of validation of claims related to address space and AS number holdings. Use of the certificates and CRLs managed under this PKI for any other purpose is a violation of this CP, and relying parties should reject certificates presented for such uses. Note: This document is based on the template specified in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards document RFC 3647. A number of sections contained in the template were omitted from this policy because they did not apply to this PKI. However, we have retained the section numbering scheme employed in the RFC to facilitate comparison with the RFC. The first digit from the RFC (''4'') has been omitted and in cases where the RFC had bulleted items, we added a third level of numbering. So for example, RFC 3647's item 4.4.8 (''Certificate Modification'') is listed here as just 4.8. The first bullet under this item (''Circumstances under which certificate modification can take place...'') is listed here as 4.8.1. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 1.1. Conventions used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119]. 1.2. Overview This PKI is designed to support validation of claims by current holders of IP (v4 and v6) address space, and AS numbers, in accordance with the records of the organizations that act as CAs in this PKI. The ability to verify such claims is essential to ensuring the unique, unambiguous distribution of these resources. This PKI parallels the existing IP address and AS number distribution hierarchy. These resources are distributed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to the Regional Internet Registries. In some regions, National Internet Registries (NIRs) form a tier of the hierarchy below the RIRs for internet number resource (INR) distribution. ISPs and network subscribers form additional tiers below registries.. This PKI encompasses several types of certificates (see IETF document draft-ietf-sidr-arch-xx [ARCH] for more details): . CA certificates for each organization allocating address blocks and/or AS numbers, and for each address space (AS number) holder . End entity (EE) certificates for organizations to validate digital signatures on signed RPKI objects . In the future, the PKI also may include end entity certificates in support of access control for the repository system as described in 2.4. 1.3. Document name and identification The name of this document is ''Certificate Policy (CP) for the Resource PKI (RPKI)''. This policy has been assigned the following OID: id-cp-ipAddr-asNumber OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) cp(14) 2 } Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 1.4. PKI participants Note: In a PKI, the term ''subscriber'' refers to an individual or organization that is a Subject of a certificate issued by a CA. The term is used in this fashion throughout this document, without qualification, and should not be confused with the networking use of the term to refer to an individual or organization that receives service from an ISP. In such cases the term ''network subscriber'' will be used. Also note that, for brevity, this document always refers to PKI participants as organizations or entities, even though some of them are individuals. 1.4.1. Certification authorities The organizations that distribute IP addresses (IANA, RIRs, NIRs, LIRs/ISPs) and AS numbers (IANA, RIRs and NIRs) act as CAs in this PKI. Organizations that do not distribute INRs, but hold such resources also act as CAs when they create EE certificates. 1.4.2. Registration authorities This PKI does not require establishment or use of a separate registration authority (RA) in conjunction with the CA function. The RA function will be provided by the same entity operating as a CA, e.g., entities listed in Section 1.4.1. An entity acting as a CA in this PKI already has a formal relationship with each organization to which it distributes INRs. These organizations already perform the RA function implicitly since they already assume responsibility for distributing INRs. 1.4.3. Subscribers These are the organizations receiving distributions of IP addresses and AS numbers -- RIRs, NIRs, LIRs, ISPs, and other organizations. Note that any of these organizations may have received distributions from more than one source, over time. This is true even for RIRs, which participate in inter-registry exchanges of address space. This PKI accommodates such relationships. 1.4.4. Relying parties Entities or individuals that act in reliance of certificates or RPKI-signed objects issued under this PKI are relying parties. Relying parties may or may not be subscribers within this PKI. (See section 1.7 for the definition of an RPKI-signed object.) Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 1.4.5. Other participants Every organization that undertakes a role as a CA in this PKI is responsible for populating the RPKI distributed repository system with the certificates, CRLs, and RPKI-signed objects that it issues. The organization can operate its own publication point or outsource this function (See sections 2.1 and 2.2.) 1.5. Certificate usage 1.5.1. Appropriate certificate uses The certificates issued under this hierarchy are for authorization in support of validation of claims of current holdings of address space and/or AS numbers. Additional uses of the certificates, consistent with the basic goal cited above, are also permitted under this policy. Some of the certificates that may be issued under this PKI could be used to support operation of this infrastructure, e.g., access control for the repository system as described in 2.4. Such uses also are permitted under this policy. 1.5.2. Prohibited certificate uses Any uses other than those described in Section 1.5.1 are prohibited under this policy. 1.6. Policy administration 1.6.1. Organization administering the document This CP is administered by Internet Engineering Steering Group c/o Internet Society 1775 Wiehle Avenue, Suite 201 Reston, VA 20190-5108 U.S.A. 1.6.2. Contact person The contact information is iesg.ietf.org +1-703-439-2120 Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 1.6.3. Person determining CP suitability for the policy The IESG will judge consensus of the IETF community for changes to this policy. 1.6.4. CP approval procedures IESG will approve a replacement BCP, following the procedures of the IETF Standards Process as defined in RFC 2026. 1.7. Definitions and acronyms CPS - Certification Practice Statement. A CPS is a document that specifies the practices that a Certification Authority employs in issuing certificates in this PKI. Distribution of INRs - A process of distribution and assignment of the INRs along the respective number hierarchy. IANA distributes blocks of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers to the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). RIRs allocate smaller address blocks and Autonomous System Numbers to organizations within their service regions, who in turn assign IP addresses to their customers. IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. IANA is responsible for global coordination of the Internet Protocol addressing systems and Autonomous System (AS) numbers used for routing internet traffic. IANA distributes INRs to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). INRs - Internet Number Resources. INRs are number values for three protocol parameter sets, namely: . IP Version 4 addresses, . IP version 6 addresses, and . Identifiers used in Internet inter-domain routing, currently Border Gateway Protocol-4 Autonomous System numbers. ISP - Internet Service Provider. This is an organization managing and selling Internet services to other organizations. LIR - Local Internet Registry. This is an organization, typically a network service provider, that distributes INRs for a portion of the area covered by a Regional (or National) Registry. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 NIR - National Internet Registry. This is an organization that manages the distribution of INRs for a portion of the geopolitical area covered by a Regional Registry. NIRs form an optional second tier in the tree scheme used to manage INRs. RIR - Regional Internet Registry. This is an organization that manages the distribution of INRs for a geopolitical area. RPKI-signed object - An RPKI-signed object is a digitally signed data object (other than a certificate or CRL) declared to be such by a standards track RFC, and that can be validated using certificates issued under this PKI. The content and format of these data constructs depend on the context in which validation of claims of current holdings of INRs takes place. Examples of these objects are repository manifests and CRLs. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 2. Publication And Repository Responsibilities 2.1. Repositories Certificates, CRLs, and RPKI-signed objects must be made available for downloading by all relying parties, to enable them to validate this data. This motivates use of a robust, distributed repository system. Each CA is responsible for maintaining a publicly accessible online repository and publishing there its RPKI-signed objects. This collection of repositories forms the RPKI distributed repository system. (This function may be outsourced, as noted in Section 2.2 below.) 2.2. Publication of certification information Each CA will publish the certificates it issues via the repository system. Each CA will publish the CRL(s) that it issues via the repository system. Each CA will publish its RPKI-signed objects via the repository system. An organization may choose to outsource publication of RPKI data - certificates, CRLs, and other RPKI-signed objects. 2.3. Time or frequency of publication The CPS for each CA will specify the following information: The period of time within which a certificate will be published after the CA issues the certificate. The period of time within which a CA will publish a CRL with an entry for a revoked certificate after it revokes that certificate. Note that each CA MUST publish its CRL prior to the nextScheduledUpdate value in the scheduled CRL previously issued by the CA. 2.4. Access controls on repositories Each CA shall implement access controls to prevent unauthorized persons from adding, modifying or deleting repository entries. A CA shall not intentionally use technical means of limiting read access to its CPS, certificates, CRLs or RPKI-signed objects. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 3. Identification and Authentication 3.1. Naming 3.1.1. Types of names The distinguished name for every CA and end entity consists of a single Common Name (CN) attribute with a value generated by the issuer of the certificate. Optionally, the serialNumber attribute may be included along with the common name (to form a terminal relative distinguished name set), to distinguish among successive instances of certificates associated with the same entity. 3.1.2. Need for names to be meaningful The Subject name in each certificate must be unique relative to all Subject names certified by the same Issuer, but the name does not need to be meaningful. There is no requirement, and no guarantee, that subject names are globally unique in this PKI. The certificates issued under this PKI are used for authorization in support of applications that make use of attestations of Internet resource holding, not for identification. The PKI binds a public key to sets of address blocks, and/or sets of AS numbers. The name of the holder of the address block or AS number is not intended to be ''meaningful''. 3.1.3. Anonymity or pseudonymity of subscribers Although Subject (and Issuer) names need not be meaningful, and may appear ''random,'' anonymity is not a function of this PKI, and thus no explicit support for this feature is provided. 3.1.4. Rules for interpreting various name forms None 3.1.5. Uniqueness of names Each CA certifies Subject names that must be unique among the certificates that it issues. Although it is desirable that these Subject names be unique throughout the PKI, to facilitate certificate path discovery, such uniqueness is neither mandated nor enforced through technical means. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 3.1.6. Recognition, authentication, and role of trademarks Because the Subject names are not intended to be meaningful, there is no provision to recognize or authenticate trademarks, service marks, etc. 3.2. Initial identity validation 3.2.1. Method to prove possession of private key Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will require each Subject to demonstrate proof-of-possession (PoP) of the private key corresponding to the public key in the certificate, prior to issuing the certificate. The means by which PoP is achieved is determined by each CA and will be declared in the CPS of that CA. 3.2.2. Authentication of organization identity Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ procedures to ensure that each certificate it issues accurately reflects its records with regard to the organization to which the CA has distributed the INRs identified in the certificate. The specific procedures employed for this purpose are described by the CPS for each CA. Relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in the management of the INRs. This authentication is solely for use by each CA in dealing with the organizations to which it distributes INRs, and thus must not be relied upon outside of this CA-subscriber relationship. 3.2.3. Authentication of individual identity Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ procedures to identify at least one individual as a representative of each organization that is an address space (AS number) holder.. The specific means by which each CA authenticates individuals as representatives for an organization are described by the CPS for each CA. Relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in authenticating individuals as representatives for INR holders. 3.2.4. Non-verified subscriber information No non-verified subscriber data is included in certificates issued under this certificate policy except for SIA/AIA extensions. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 3.2.5. Validation of authority Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ procedures to verify that an individual claiming to represent an organization to which a certificate is issued, is authorized to represent that organization in this context. The procedures are described by the CPS for the CA Relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in authenticating individuals as representatives for INR holders. 3.2.6. Criteria for interoperation This PKI is neither intended nor designed to interoperate with any other PKI. 3.3. Identification and authentication for re-key requests 3.3.1. Identification and authentication for routine re-key Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ procedures to ensure that an organization requesting a re-key is the legitimate holder of the certificate to be re-keyed and associated address space and AS numbers and will require PoP of the private key corresponding to the new public key. The procedures employed for these purposes are described in the CPS for the CA. With respect to authentication of the holder of the address space and AS numbers, relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in the management of INRs. Note: An issuer may choose to require periodic re-keying consistent with contractual agreements with the recipient. If so, this will be described by the CPS for the CA. 3.3.2. Identification and authentication for re-key after revocation Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ procedures to ensure that an organization requesting a re-key after revocation is the same entity to which the revoked certificate was issued and is the legitimate holder of the associated INR. The CA will require PoP of the private key corresponding to the new public key. The specific procedures employed for these purposes will be described by the CPS for the CA. With respect to authentication of the holder of the address space and AS numbers, relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in the management of INRs. Note that there may be different procedures for the case where the Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 legitimate subject still possesses the original private key as opposed to the case when it no longer has access to that key. 3.4. Identification and authentication for revocation request Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ procedures to ensure that an organization requesting revocation is the legitimate holder of the certificate to be revoked and associated address space and AS numbers. The specific procedures employed for these purposes will be described by the CPS for the CA. Relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in the management of INRs. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 4. Certificate Life-Cycle Operational Requirements 4.1. Certificate Application 4.1.1. Who can submit a certificate application The Resource PKI issues several types of certificates. Any entity that distributes INRs should acquire a certificate. This includes Internet Registries and ISPs. Additionally, entities that hold INRs from an Internet Registry, or that are multi-homed, may acquire a certificate under this PKI. The (CA) certificates issued to these entities will include one or both of the extensions defined by RFC 3779, X.509 Extensions for IP Addresses and AS Identifiers, as appropriate. The application procedure will be described in the CPS for each CA. 4.1.2. Enrollment process and responsibilities The enrollment process and procedures will be described by the CPS for each CA. An entity that desires one or more certificates should contact the organization from which it receives its INRs. 4.2. Certificate application processing CAs should make use of existing standards for certificate application processing. Relevant standards include RFC 4210, Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate Management Protocol (CMP), RFC 2797, Certificate Management Messages over CMS, and RSA Labs standards PKCS #7 and PKCS #10. Each CA will define the certificate request/response standards that it employs, via its CPS. 4.2.1. Performing identification and authentication functions Existing practices employed by registries and ISPs to identify and authenticate organizations that receive INRs form the basis for issuance of certificates to these subscribers. It is important to note that the Resource PKI is never used to authenticate the identity of an organization, but rather to bind subscribers to the address blocks and AS numbers they hold. Because identity is not being vouched for by this PKI, certificate application procedures need not verify legal organization names, etc. 4.2.2. Approval or rejection of certificate applications Certificate applications will be approved based on the normal business practices of the entity operating the CA, based on the CA's records of address space and AS number holders. Each CA will follow Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 18] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 the procedures specified in 3.2.1 to verify that the requester holds the corresponding private key for the public key that will be bound to the certificate the CA issues to the requestor. The details of how certificate applications are approved are described in the CPS for the CA in question. 4.2.3. Time to process certificate applications No stipulation. Each CA may declare its expected time frame for processing certificate applications as part of its CPS. 4.3. Certificate issuance 4.3.1. CA actions during certificate issuance If a CA determines that the request is acceptable, it will issue the corresponding certificate and publish it in the RPKI distributed repository system via publication of the certificate at the CA's repository publication point. 4.3.2. Notification to subscriber by the CA of issuance of certificate The CA will notify the subscriber when the certificate is published. The means by which a subscriber is notified is defined by each CA in its CPS. 4.3.3. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities The CPS of each CA will indicate whether any other entities will be notified when a certificate is issued. 4.4. Certificate acceptance 4.4.1. Conduct constituting certificate acceptance Within the timeframe specified in its CPS, the CA will place the certificate in the repository and notify the subscriber. This will be done without subscriber review and acceptance. Each CA shall state in its CPS the procedures it follows for publishing of the certificate and notification to the subscriber. 4.4.2. Publication of the certificate by the CA Certificates will be published in the RPKI distributed repository system via publication of the certificate at the CA's repository publication point as per the conduct described in 4.4.1. The procedures for publication are defined by each CA in its CPS. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 19] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 4.5. Key pair and certificate usage A summary of the use model for the Resource PKI is provided below. 4.5.1. Subscriber private key and certificate usage Each holder of an INR is eligible to request an X.509 CA certificate containing appropriate RFC 3779 extensions. When the subjects of these certificates are LIRs/ISPs or network subscribers, they also may issue EE certificates to themselves to enable verification of RPKI-signed objects that they generate. 4.5.2. Relying party public key and certificate usage Reliance on a certificate must be reasonable under the circumstances. If the circumstances indicate a need for additional assurances, the relying party must obtain such assurances in order for such reliance to be deemed reasonable. Before any act of reliance, relying parties shall independently 1)verify that the certificate will be used for an appropriate purpose that is not prohibited or otherwise restricted by this CP, and 2) assess the status of the certificate and all the CAs in the chain that issued the certificates relevant to the certificate in question. If any of the certificates in the certificate chain have been revoked, the relying party is solely responsible to determine whether reliance on a digital signature to be verified by the certificate in question is acceptable. Any such reliance is made solely at the risk of the relying party. If a relying party determines that use of the certificate is appropriate, the relying party shall utilize appropriate software and/or hardware to perform digital signature verification as a condition of relying on the certificate. Moreover the relying party is responsible for validating the certificate in a manner consistent with the algorithm specified in RFC 5280 and RFC 3779. 4.6. Certificate renewal 4.6.1. Circumstance for certificate renewal A certificate should be processed for renewal based on its expiration date or a renewal request from the subscriber. Prior to the expiration of an existing subscriber's certificate, it is the responsibility of the subscriber to renew the certificate to maintain continuity of certificate usage. If the issuing CA initiates the renewal process based on the certificate expiration date, then that CA shall notify the holder in advance of the renewal Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 20] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 process. The validity interval of the new (renewed) certificate should overlap that of the previous certificate, to ensure continuity of certificate usage. Certificate renewal should incorporate the same public key as the previous certificate, unless the private key has been reported as compromised. If a new key pair is being used, the stipulations of Section 4.7 will apply. 4.6.2. Who may request renewal Only the certificate holder or the issuing CA may initiate the renewal process. The certificate holder may request an early renewal, for example, if it wishes to change the public key, or if it expects to be unavailable to support the renewal process during the normal expiration period. An issuing CA may initiate the renewal process based on the certificate expiration date. 4.6.3. Processing certificate renewal requests Renewal procedures must ensure that the person or organization seeking to renew a certificate is in fact the subscriber (or authorized by the subscriber) of the certificate and the legitimate holder of the INR associated with the renewed certificate. Renewal processing must verify that the certificate in question has not been revoked. 4.6.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber No additional stipulations beyond those of section 4.3.2. 4.6.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of a renewal certificate No additional stipulations beyond those of section 4.4.1. 4.6.6. Publication of the renewal certificate by the CA No additional stipulations beyond those of section 4.4.2. 4.6.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities The CPS of each CA will indicate whether any other entities will be notified when a certificate is issued. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 21] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 4.7. Certificate re-key 4.7.1. Circumstance for certificate re-key Re-key of a certificate should be performed only when required, based on: 1. knowledge or suspicion of compromise or loss of the associated private key, or 2. the expiration of the cryptographic lifetime of the associated key pair The re-key operation can have dramatic consequences, requiring the re-issuance of all certificates issued by a re-keyed entity, so it should be performed only when necessary. In particular, if a certificate is revoked to replace the RFC 3779 extensions, the replacement certificate should incorporate the same public key rather than a new key. If the re-key is based on a suspected compromise, then the previous certificate must be revoked. Section 5.6 below notes that when a CA signs a certificate, the signing key should have a validity period that exceeds the validity period of the certificate. This places additional constraints on when a CA should request a re-key. 4.7.2. Who may request certification of a new public key Only the holder of the certificate may request a re-key. In addition, the CA that issued the certificate may initiate a rekey based on a verified compromise report. 4.7.3. Processing certificate re-keying requests The re-key process follows the general procedures of certificate generation as defined in section 4.3. 4.7.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber No stipulation beyond the notification process for any new certificate (see section 4.3.2) 4.7.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of a re-keyed certificate No stipulation beyond the acceptance process for any new certificate (see section 4.4.1) Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 22] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 4.7.6. Publication of the re-keyed certificate by the CA No stipulation beyond the publication process for any new certificate (see section 4.4.2) 4.7.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities The CPS of each CA will indicate whether any other entities will be notified when a certificate is issued. 4.8. Certificate modification 4.8.1. Circumstance for certificate modification Modification of a certificate occurs to implement changes to selected attribute values in a certificate. In the context of this PKI, the only changes that are accommodated by certificate modification are additions to the address space and/or AS number holdings described by the RFC 3779 extension. When previously allocated address space or AS numbers are removed from a certificate, then the old certificate is revoked and a new certificate is issued. When a certificate modification is approved, a new certificate is issued. The new certificate will contain the same public key and the same expiration date as the original certificate, but with the incidental information corrected and/or the address space and AS distributions expanded. Revocation of the previous certificate is not required. 4.8.2. Who may request certificate modification The certificate holder or issuer may initiate the certificate modification process. 4.8.3. Processing certificate modification requests The CA must determine that the requested modification is appropriate and that the procedures for the issuance of a new certificate are followed. 4.8.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber No stipulation beyond the notification process for any new certificate (see section 4.3.2) Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 23] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 4.8.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of modified certificate No stipulation beyond the acceptance process for any new certificate (see section 4.4.1). 4.8.6. Publication of the modified certificate by the CA No stipulation beyond the publication process for any new certificate (see section 4.4.2). 4.8.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities The CPS of each CA will indicate whether any other entities will be notified when a certificate is issued. 4.9. Certificate revocation and suspension 4.9.1. Circumstances for revocation A certificate must be revoked (and published on a CRL) if there is reason to believe that there has been a compromise of a subscriber's private key. A certificate also may be revoked to invalidate a data object signed by the private key associated with that certificate. Other circumstances that justify revocation of a certificate can be specified in a CA's CPS. Note: If new IP addresses or AS numbers are being added to an organization's existing distribution, the old certificate need not be revoked. Instead, a new certificate may issued with both the old and the new resources and the old key. If IP addresses or AS numbers are being removed or if there has been a key compromise, then the old certificate must be revoked (and a re-key must be performed in the event of key compromise). 4.9.2. Who can request revocation This is defined in the CPS of the relevant organization. 4.9.3. Procedure for revocation request A subscriber must submit a request to the certificate issuer for a revocation. A certificate issuer must notify the subscriber when revoking a certificate, however this notification requirement is satisfied by publication of a CRL by the issuer. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 24] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 4.9.4. Revocation request grace period A subscriber should request revocation as soon as possible after the need for revocation has been identified. There is no specified grace period for the subscriber in this process. 4.9.5. Time within which CA must process the revocation request No stipulation. Each CA is free to specify its expected revocation processing time in its CPS. 4.9.6. Revocation checking requirement for relying parties A relying party is responsible for acquiring and checking the most recent, scheduled CRL from the issuer of the certificate, whenever the relying party validates a certificate. 4.9.7. CRL issuance frequency The CRL issuance frequency is determined by each CA and stated in its CPS. Each CRL carries a nextScheduledUpdate value and a new CRL must be published at or before that time. A CA must set the nextScheduledUpdate value when it issues a CRL, to signal when the next scheduled CRL will be issued. 4.9.8. Maximum latency for CRLs The CPS for each CA will specify the maximum latency associated with posting its CRL to the repository system. 4.10. Certificate status services This PKI does not make use of OCSP or SCVP, because it is anticipated that the primary relying parties (ISPs) will acquire and validate certificates for all participating resource holders on a daily basis. These protocols are not designed for such large-scale, bulk certificate status checking. Instead, retrieval of all changed or new certificates and CRLs on a daily basis is the anticipated mode of certificate status verification. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 25] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 5. Facility, Management, And Operational Controls 5.1. Physical controls Each CA will maintain physical security controls for its operation that are commensurate with those employed by the organization in the management of address space and AS number distribution. The details for each CA will be specified in its CPS. 5.2. Procedural controls Each CA is expected to maintain procedural security controls that are commensurate with those employed by the organization in the management of address space and AS number distribution. The details for each CA will be specified in its CPS. 5.3. Personnel controls Each CA will maintain personnel security controls that are commensurate with those employed by the organization in the management of address space and AS number distribution. The details for each CA will be specified in its CPS. 5.4. Audit logging procedures Details of how a CA implements the audit logging described in this section (5.4.1 to 5.4.8) will be addressed in its CPS. 5.4.1. Types of events recorded Audit records should be generated for the basic operations of the certification authority computing equipment. Audit records should include the date, time, responsible user or process, and summary content data relating to the event. Auditable events include . Access to CA computing equipment (e.g., logon, logout) . Messages received requesting CA actions (e.g., certificate requests, certificate revocation requests, compromise notifications) . Certificate creation, modification, revocation, or renewal actions . Posting of any material to a repository . Any attempts to change or delete audit data Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 26] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 5.4.2. Frequency of processing log Each CA will establish its own procedures for review of audit logs. 5.4.3. Retention period for audit log Each CA will establish its own polices for retention of audit logs. 5.4.4. Protection of audit log The audit log should be protected based on current industry standards. 5.4.5. Audit log backup procedures The audit log should be backed up based on current industry standards. 5.4.8. Vulnerability assessments The PKI subsystems of a registry or ISP should participate in any vulnerability assessments that these organizations run as part of their normal business practice. 5.6. Key changeover When a CA wishes to change keys, it must acquire a new certificate containing the public key of its new key pair, well in advance of the scheduled change of the current signature key pair. The private key that a CA uses to sign a certificate or CRL should have a validity period that is at least as long as that of any certificate being issued under that certificate. 5.8. CA or RA termination In this PKI, each subscriber also acts as a CA authoritative for the specified INRs that were distributed to that entity. The termination of a CA shall therefore be subject to the agreement between the issuer and the subscriber and will be described in the CPS for the issuer. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 27] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 6. Technical Security Controls The organizations that allocate IP addresses and AS numbers to network subscribers are authoritative for these distributions. This PKI is designed to enable LIRs/ISPs and network subscribers to demonstrate that they are the holders of the resources that have been allocated to them. Accordingly, the security controls used by CAs and subscribers for this PKI need only to be as secure as those that apply to the procedures for administering the distribution of IP address space and AS number data by the extant organizations. Details of each CA's security controls are described in the CPS issued by the CA. 6.1. Key pair generation and installation 6.1.1. Key pair generation In most instances, public-key pairs will be generated by the subject, i.e., the organization receiving the distribution of address space or AS numbers. However, some CAs may offer to generate key pairs on behalf of their subjects at the request of the subjects, e.g., to accommodate subscribers who do not have the ability to perform key generation in a secure fashion. Since the keys used in this PKI are not for non-repudiation purposes, generation of key pairs by CAs does not inherently undermine the security of the PKI. Each CA will describe its key pair generation procedures in its CPS. 6.1.2. Private key delivery to subscriber If a CA provides key pair generation services for subscribers, its CPS will describe the means by which private keys are delivered to subscribers in a secure fashion. 6.1.3. Public key delivery to certificate issuer When a public key is transferred to the issuing CA to be certified, it shall be delivered through a mechanism ensuring that the public key has not been altered during transit and that the subscriber possesses the private key corresponding to the transferred public key. 6.1.4. CA public key delivery to relying parties CA public keys for all entities (other than trust anchors) are contained in certificates issued by other CAs. These certificates will be published in the RPKI distributed repository system. Relying parties may download these certificates from the repositories. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 28] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 Public key values and associated data for (putative) trust anchors are distributed out of band and accepted by relying parties on the basis of locally-defined criteria. 6.1.5. Key sizes The algorithms and key sizes used in this PKI are specified in RFC ZZZZ [RFCzzzz]. 6.1.6. Public key parameters generation and quality checking The public key parameters used in this PKI are specified in RFC ZZZZ [RFCzzzz]. Each subscriber is responsible for performing checks on the quality of its key pair. CAs are not responsible for performing such checks for subscribers. 6.1.7. Key usage purposes (as per X.509 v3 key usage field) The Key usage extension bit values shall be consistent with RFC 3280. For CA certificates, the keyCertSign and cRLSign bits shall be set TRUE. All other bits (including digitalSignature) shall be set FALSE, and the extension shall be marked critical. End entity certificates in this PKI may include this extension, with appropriate bit values, as per RFC 3280, but such inclusion is not required. 6.2. Private Key Protection and Cryptographic Module Engineering Controls 6.2.1. Cryptographic module standards and controls The cryptographic module standards and controls employed by each CA will be described in the CPS issued by that CA. 6.2.2. Private key (n out of m) multi-person control CAs may employ multi-person controls to constrain access to their private keys, but this is not a requirement for all CAs in the PKI. The CPS for each CA will describe which, if any, multi-person controls it employs. 6.2.3. Private key escrow No private key escrow procedures are required for this PKI. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 29] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 6.2.4. Private key backup Because of the adverse operational implications associated with the loss of use of a CA private key in the PKI, each CA should employ a secure means to backup its private keys. The details of the procedures for backing up a CA's private key will be described in the CPS issued by the CA. 6.3. Other aspects of key pair management 6.3.1. Public key archival Because this PKI does not support non-repudiation, there is no need to archive public keys. 6.3.2. Certificate operational periods and key pair usage periods The INRs held by RIRs and the NIRs periodically change because these registries receive new distributions. Therefore it is appropriate for their certificates to have lifetimes that match the periodicity of these changes. However, to minimize disruption, the key pairs should be maintained across certificate changes. If LIR/ISP and network subscriber certificates are tied to the duration of service agreements, these certificates should have validity periods commensurate with the duration of these agreements. In any case, the validity period for certificates will be chosen by the issuing CA and described in its CPS. 6.5. Computer security controls Each CA will document the technical security requirements it employs for CA computer operation in its CPS. 6.6. Life cycle technical controls 6.6.1. System development controls The CPS for each CA will document any system development controls required by that CA, if applicable. 6.6.2. Security management controls The CPS for each CA will document the security controls applied to the software and equipment used for this PKI. These controls shall be commensurate with those used for the systems used by the CAs for managing the INRs. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 30] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 6.6.3. Life cycle security controls The CPS for each CA will document how the equipment (hardware and software) used for this PKI shall be procured, installed, maintained, and updated. This will be done in a fashion commensurate with the way in which equipment for the management and distribution of INRs is handled. 6.7. Network security controls The CPS for each CA will document the network security controls employed for CA operation. These should be commensurate with the protection it employs for the computers used for managing distribution of INRs. 6.8. Time-stamping The PKI in question does not make use of time stamping. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 31] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 7. Certificate and CRL Profiles Please refer to the Certificate and CRL Profile [RFCyyyy]. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 32] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 8. Compliance Audit And Other Assessments The Certificate Policy for a typical PKI defines the criteria against which prospective CAs are evaluated and establishes requirements that they must meet. In this PKI, the CAs are already authoritative for the management of INRs, and the PKI simply supports verification of the distribution of these resources to network subscribers. Accordingly, whatever audit and other assessments are already used to ensure the security of the management of INRs is sufficient for this PKI. The CPS for each CA will describe what audits and other assessments are used. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 33] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 9. Other Business And Legal Matters As noted throughout this certificate policy, the organizations managing the distribution of INRs are authoritative in their roles as managers of this data. They will operate this PKI to allow the holders of INRs to generate digitally signed data that attest to these distributions. Therefore, the manner in which the organizations in question manage their business and legal matters for this PKI should be commensurate with the way in which they already manage business and legal matters in their existing roles. Since there is no single set of responses to this section that would apply to all organizations, the topics listed in sections 4.9.1 to 4.9.11 and 4.9.13 to 4.9.17 of RFC 3647 should be covered in the CPS issued by each CA, although not every CA may choose to address all of these topics. 9.12. Amendments 9.12.1. Procedure for amendment The procedure for amending this CP is via written notice from the IESG in the form of a new (BCP) RFC that updates or obsoletes this document. 9.12.2. Notification mechanism and period The IESG will provide at least a six month advance notice of a change to this CP. 9.12.3. Circumstances under which OID must be changed If the IESG judges that changes to the CP do not materially reduce the acceptability of certificates issued for RPKI purposes, there will be no change to the CP OID. If the IESG judges that changes to the CP do materially change the acceptability of certificates for RPKI purposes, then there will be a new CP OID. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 34] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 10. Security Considerations According to X.509, a certificate policy (CP) is "a named set of rules that indicates the applicability of a certificate to a particular community and/or class of applications with common security requirements." A CP may be used by a relying party to help in deciding whether a certificate, and the binding therein, are sufficiently trustworthy and otherwise appropriate for a particular application. This document describes the CP for the Internet Address and AS Number PKI. There are separate documents (Certification Practice Statements (CPS's)) that cover the factors that determine the degree to which a relying party can trust the binding embodied in a certificate. The degree to which such a binding can be trusted depends on several factors, e.g., the practices followed by the certification authority (CA) in authenticating the subject; the CA's operating policy, procedures, and technical security controls, including the scope of the subscriber's responsibilities (for example, in protecting the private key), and the stated responsibilities and liability terms and conditions of the CA (for example, warranties, disclaimers of warranties, and limitations of liability). 11. IANA Considerations None. 12. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Geoff Huston, Randy Bush, Andrei Robachevsky and other members of the RPKI community for reviewing this document and Matt Lepinski for his help with the formatting. 13. References 13.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., ''Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels," BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFCyyyy] Huston, G., Michaelson, G., Loomans, R., ''A Profile for X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates,'' work in progress. [RFCzzzz] Huston, G., ''A Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for use in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure,'' work in progress. [ARCH] Lepinski M., Kent S., ''An Infrastructure to Support Secure Internet Routing,'' work in progress. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 35] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 13.2. Informative References [BGP4] Y. Rekhter, T. Li (editors), ''A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP- 4),'' IETF RFC 4271, January 2006. [REPOS] Huston, G., Loomans, R., and Michaelson, G., ''A Profile for Resource Certificate Repository Structure,'' work in progress. Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 36] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 Authors' Addresses: Stephen Kent BBN Technologies 10 Moulton Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA Phone: +1 (617) 873-3988 Email: skent@bbn.com Derrick Kong BBN Technologies Moulton Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA Phone: +1 (617) 873-1951 Email: dkong@bbn.com Karen Seo BBN Technologies 10 Moulton Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA Phone: +1 (617) 873-3152 Email: kseo@bbn.com Ronald Watro BBN Technologies 10 Moulton Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA Phone: +1 (617) 873-2551 Email: rwatro@bbn.com Seo,Watro,Kong&Kent Expires July 2010 [Page 37] Internet-Draft Certificate Policy for the RPKI January 2010 Pre-5378 Material Disclaimer This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English. Copyright Statement Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. 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